Audience effects

Moral panics Hypodermic needle theory: 
This theory first came out when when media had just been introduced and was still very new, which was when it was mainly used for propaganda. It implies that the media has an extremely powerful and direct effect on audience members. The hypodermic needle theory was one of the first theories to try and explain how audiences react to theory, it basically suggests that audiences, without actually realising receive information via media text without actually processing or challenging the information given. The fear arose when the government wanted to influence their citizens through advertising campaigns e.g. they provoked strong anti-german feelings when they depicted german soldiers killing babies with bayonets this just represents how strong and powerful the media can be, without people realising what it is even doing which is how this theory came about. When referring this needle theory to moral panics, it has been said certain people in society can't be shown certain types of media e.g. violent or sexual media contents as they then may go and reenact what they have just witnessed in real life.

Media effects theory (Natural born killers & Marilyn Manson):
The media effects theory was firstly introduced by the Frankfurt school of social researchers in the 1920s, from peoples reaction of nazi propaganda. this theory basically explains the way that media can affect society and society can affect the media. Also it helps explains the moral panic in relation to representations of: defiant behaviour, violence and sex which is supposedly most effected on youth. And the summary of moral panic is that the feeling is out of control in some way therefore representing a threat to moral order. The film natural born killers, is extremely disliked for the effect it had on the public especially teenagers. Director Oliver Stone, portrayed his two main characters Mickey and Mallory as some sort of folk heroes but instead were criticised for sending the wrong message. Not only did the teenagers who watched the movie dress like them they also went out and killed people like them to. These psychopathic teenagers went out and killed but blamed their whole actions on the movie. Which demonstrates again how major the media affects people. Marilyn Manson however is a singer who was partially to be blamed for two teenage boys who massacred 13 people at a columbine high school due to the influence of his music. It is said that his music promoted ideas like violence, hate, death, suicide and drug use. The boys were both big fans of his music and both wore trench coats which happened to be one of mansions signature looks, Marilyn was turned into a  villain by the public and the whole shooting incident made his career come to an end. He never meant for his lyrics to be interpreted that way he had said in an interview which just goes again and shows how audiences can misinterpret certain things and the go and act like it themselves.